Summary

Reconstruction of Early Migration Routes of Homo Populations

The article represents the disputable hypothetical versions of the localization of the representatives of the Homo formulated by representatives of the monocentric and polycentric, or multiregional, theories. The purposes and directions (southern, northern and eastern) of migrations of the first representatives of the Homo within the African continent have been determined. The motives of their migration beyond the African continent as a key stage of anthropogenesis have been analysed. They are: ecological factor considered as a sharp change in the climate; development of cognitive abilities in hominids, i.e. the progressive improvement of the brain; transition to a new food strategy; adaptation to open spaces, morphophysiological changes..